抽象的

Biomarkers as Valuable Tools in Clinical Diagnostics

kaiser Jamil

Biomarkers in breast cancer have long been known and aberrations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 and CCNE1 for breast cancer and ovarian cancer modulate survival rates. Advanced ovarian cancer patients who achieve an excellent response to primary platinum-based chemotherapy with a cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) serum level less than 10 U/mL were more amenable to the benefits of paclitaxel maintenance therapy. Biomarkers can be valuable tools in clinical diagnostics as well as in therapeutic discovery and development. They are useful to predict response to therapy or risk of side effects for personalized medicine applications. Various types of biomarkers include predisposition, screening, diagnostic, prognostic and toxicity, susceptible and resistant biomarkers.

Key words: Biomarkers; Lung cancer; MDR1; SNPs; Polymorphisms