抽象的

Translational research with nanosecond pulse stimulation for immuno-oncology application

Michael Retsky

Onychomycosis, a fungal infection triggered by dermatophyte fungi such as T. rubrum and non-dermatophyte fungi which distress about 2-8% of people globally. Treatment of onychomycosis is hampered owing to poor systemic circulation into the nail apparatus and highly compact structure of nail plate that limits the topical delivery of drugs. Basically, two types of therapies are discussed in this review article, which are traditional and device based therapies. Traditional therapy includes surgical, topical and systemic treatments of onychomycosis. Device-based therapy is a non-invasive treatment which includes Iontophoresis, Ultrasound, Photodynamic, and Laser treatments.