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Toxicity testing methods: From the clinical trials to experimental models.

Michae Chen

Toxicity testing is a fundamental aspect of ensuring the safety and efficacy of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and consumer products. This review explores the diverse range of toxicity testing methods employed, from clinical trials involving human subjects to experimental models utilizing in vitro and in vivo systems. It examines the strengths and limitations of each approach, highlighting recent advancements and emerging technologies that have revolutionized the field. By providing an overview of these testing methods, this review aims to inform researchers, regulators, and healthcare professionals about the current landscape of toxicity testing and encourage the adoption of innovative approaches for improved safety assessments.