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The factors affecting morbidity and mortality in spontaneous intracerebral hematomas

Omer Aykanat, Metin Ocak

Objective: In this study, 33 patients with a diagnosis of spontaneous intracerebral hematomas were investigated retrospectively and factors affecting morbidity and mortality were determined.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 33 patients with a diagnosis of SIH in intensive care unit (ICU) of Ahi Evran University Medical Faculty Hospital were retrospectively reviewed between the dates of 01.09.2016 and 30.11.2017. The factors affecting morbidity and mortality in these patients were studied in detail by reviewing the patients’ age, gender, admission condition, GCS score, personal background, hematoma location, hematoma volume, presence/absence of intraventricular hemorrhage, type of therapy and discharge condition.

Results: The study included 18 female (54.5%) and 15 male patients (45.5%) whose ages were in the range of 43-91. Seen in 21 patients (63.6%), blackout was the leading cause for the admission. As a result of the neurological examination on admission, of all the patients, GCS scores of 11 patients (33.3%) were in the range of 3-7; it was between 8-13 in 17 patients (51.5%) and between 14-15 in 5 patients (15.1%). When their personal bacgrounds were reviewed, hypertension in 19 patients (57.6%) was seen as the most common etiological factor. We observed lobar region was the most frequent site for the spontaneous intracerebral hematomas. 3 patients (9.1%) were applied surgical operation, 4 patients (12.1%) were applied External Ventricular Drainage and 26 patients (78.8%) were followed up with medical treatment. The follow-up length of the patients varied in the range of 3-72 days. While 13 patients (39.4%) were discharged with a full-recovery and 5 patients with morbidity (15.%), the other 15 patient (45.5%) died.

Conclusion: As a conclusion, it could be said that while hematoma volume, hematoma location and presence/absence of intraventricular hemorrhages have significant effect on morbidity and mortality in SIHs, the most significant factor is the patients’ GCS on admission. In our study, age had no significant effect on mortality and morbidity.