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Review on bovine tuberculosis and its public health importance in ambo Ethiopia.

Desta Terfa1, Endrias Zewdu1, Berhanu Wakjira2*

Tuberculosis is a chronic, primarily respiratory infectious disease of mammals caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a chronic debilitating that occurs in cattle. The main risk factors which contribute to the acquisition of M. bovis diseases in both urban and rural human populations are poverty, malnutrition, HIV infection, illiteracy, the consumption of raw milk and others. Risk factors such as herd size, keeping herd with other livestock species, contact with other herds, annual migration dynamics, and the recent introduction of new animals to the herd, could be associated with herd positivity to tuberculosis. Transmission of tuberculosis, generally, is through the respiratory tract. No symptoms occur in the early stage of the disease that is asymptomatic. Most of the conventional methods used for detecting Mycrotuberculosis employ sputum smear and culture techniques, which is a tedious process that require skilled persons to handle the test. The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is becoming a major global challenge. However, no M. bovis infections have been reported in the Ethiopian wildlife population. So the objective of the present review is to review the available literature on the bovine tuberculosis and its public health importance in Ethiopia.