抽象的

A study of the factors causing secondary nocturnal enuresis in children.

Rana Ismail Afram*, Emtithal A Wahed Muhammad Saeed, Qutaiba Hatem Mohammed

Nocturnal enuresis is still perceived as a shameful condition and kept as a secret. But there is nothing shameful about bedwetting. Secondary nocturnal enuresis mostly caused by psychosocial factors that may generates psychological problems for the child, especially evident as a deterioration of self-esteem. A descriptive study of secondary nocturnal enuresis to find out what psychological stressful factors that related and lead the child to have secondary nocturnal enuresis. A prospective study included a sample of 45 children with secondary nocturnal enuresis, whom attended to child psychiatric department were evaluated for the age of primary control, age at which the secondary nocturnal enuresis occurred, sex, residence, either urban or rural aria, family history of primary or secondary nocturnal enuresis in parents and sibling, medical illnesses, history of stressful condition, immigration from their houses, death in family, one of the family arrested, birth of a new baby, family problems like divorce, or others emotional or traumatic event, how the family face the problem and how the child feels toward himself. Of the 45 children, the mean age of primary control of day and night urination was 2.5 years the majority of secondary nocturnal enuresis between 5-10 years girls were slightly more affected, most of them from urban aria, no significant history of secondary enuresis in their parents and siblings, thirty eight children (84.4%) had psychological problems before return to secondary nocturnal enuresis from them 14 children (31.1%) had history of traumatic stressful event, eight children (17.8%) had history of immigration from their houses six children (13.3%) had history of death in family. Seven children (15.6%) had medical illnesses that lead to secondary nocturnal enuresis. Eight children (17.8%) have been punished by their family, thirty seven children (82.2%) were enforced and 27 children (60%) had social embarrassment and inferiority feeling. Conclusion: Secondary nocturnal enuresis was predominantly seen in school aged children after stressful traumatic events. Who need psychological support?